Genetic Diversity of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8/H5N5) Viruses in Italy, 2016–17

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Genetic Diversity of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8/H5N5) Viruses in Italy, 2016–17

In winter 2016-17, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) and A(H5N5) viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 were identified in wild and domestic birds in Italy. We report the occurrence of multiple introductions and describe the identification in Europe of 2 novel genotypes, generated through multiple reassortment events.

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Understanding of ecologic factors favoring emergence and maintenance of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses is limited. Although low pathogenic avian influenza viruses persist and evolve in wild populations, HPAI viruses evolve in domestic birds and cause economically serious epizootics that only occasionally infect wild populations. We propose that evolutionary ecology considerati...

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Risk Assessment of the Introduction and Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses (H5-Subtypes) Via Migratory Birds in Iran

Background and Objectives: HPAI has economic and public health importance. Aquatic and shore migratory birds are the main reservoirs and the cause of the spread of viruses across countries. The aim of study was risk assessment of the spread of the avian influenza H5 viruses.   Methods: In this qualitative study, structured interviews and focus group discussions were used to assess the risk of...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Emerging Infectious Diseases

سال: 2017

ISSN: 1080-6040,1080-6059

DOI: 10.3201/eid2309.170539